PRINCIPAIS DOENÇAS EM PLANTAS ORNAMENTAIS: FUNGOS, BACTÉRIAS, VÍRUS E NEMATÓIDES

The use of ornamental plants dates back to antiquity, when primitive peoples already valued them not only for their aesthetics, but also for their distinctive characteristics. Although the cultivation of flowers and plants may seem superficial, it has an important relationship with environmental and socioeconomic issues. The flower market in Brazil has experienced great growth in the last ten years, driven by factors such as changes in socioeconomic indicators, improvements in the distribution system and an increase in the culture of consumption of these plants, associated with well-being and quality of life. The implementation of public policies and private sector actions, in addition to investments in research and credit, has contributed to the expansion of the flower agribusiness, creating jobs and generating foreign exchange for the country. Brazil, with its climatic and soil diversity, is ideal for the cultivation of various ornamental species. However, production faces challenges, especially due to diseases that affect plants, such as anthracnose, root rot, rust and powdery mildew, caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes. These phytosanitary problems result from inadequate crop management and can compromise the productivity and commercial valuation of flowers. In addition, fungal diseases, such as root rot, are the most recurrent, being caused by parasitic microorganisms that affect various plant species, especially in the early stages of growth.