ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTATION IN PIG AND POULTRY PRODUCTION: INSIGHTS FROM A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Objective: This systematic review evaluated peer-reviewed studies that addressed the environmental impacts of phytase supplementation in pig and poultry production systems using life cycle assessment (LCA). Methodology: The inclusion criteria for selecting studies were as follows: i) original research articles published in peer-reviewed journals; ii) use of LCA methodology to evaluate environmental impacts; iii) evaluation of pig or poultry production systems; and iv) assessment of phytase supplementation strategies. From 4,929 initial records, 4 studies met the inclusion criteria (3 on pigs, 1 on both species). Results: The studies consistently reported reductions in phosphorus excretion (29–62%) and eutrophication potential, along with decreased reliance on non-renewable phosphate resources while maintaining animal performance. Some studies have indicated other benefits such as a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen excretion. However, the variability observed in the scope of the studies (e.g., functional units, system boundaries, and dietary formulations) limited cross-comparisons and underscored the need for standardized LCA methodologies. Precision feeding and advanced phytase technologies have been identified as promising avenues to further enhance sustainability. Conclusion: This systematic review underscores phytase as a critical component in eco-efficient animal production systems due to the reduction of some environmental impacts associated with poultry and pig production. Future studies should standardize the LCA approaches and explore the long-term effects of phytase use across different production systems.