CLIMATE CHANGE: TRUTHS AND FALLACIES

This article offers a critical reflection on climate change, analyzing consolidated scientific evidence and confronting widely disseminated distorted narratives. Drawing upon an integrative literature review, it investigates the amplitude of thermal variations across different regions of the planet, historical climate cycles, and the reliability of current measurements. The study identifies proven truths regarding global warming and associated environmental impacts, concurrently unmasking fallacies sustained by pseudoscientific or ideological arguments. This work aims to fill a gap by systematically contrasting key scientific truths with the most prevalent fallacies, offering an analytical framework for understanding climate misinformation and fostering more informed public and political engagement. By examining the political instrumentalization of denialist discourses, the article highlights the risks of misinformation in public policy formulation and social mobilization in response to the climate crisis. The analysis is grounded in authoritative authors and recognized models, highlighting that climate science, though complex, maintains consensus on crucial aspects. It concludes that a critical understanding of the facts is essential for addressing the challenges posed by climate change in an ethical, scientific, and responsible manner.