SEED SPECIES FROM BIOENERGY AND THE BRAZILIAN ROLE IN THE BIOFUELS ISSUE

The manuscript explores Brazil's pivotal role in the global biofuels industry, emphasizing the potential of alternative oilseed species for sustainable energy production. As the world grapples with fossil fuel depletion and climate change, biofuels emerge as a crucial solution for energy security and environmental preservation. Brazil, a leader in bioethanol production and one of the major biodiesel producers, leverages its vast agricultural resources to expand biofuel research and production. The study reviews key oilseed species, including Jatropha curcas, Moringa oleifera, and castor bean, assessing their viability as alternative feedstocks. While biofuels offer environmental benefits such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, their production poses challenges, including land use conflicts and water consumption. The review underscores the importance of life cycle analysis (LCA) in assessing sustainability of biofuels and highlights policy frameworks like Brazil's National Program for the Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB). Additionally, the global energy crisis, exacerbated by geopolitical events like the war in Ukraine, has accelerated investments in renewables. The manuscript also discusses economic aspects, comparing biofuel costs with petroleum-based fuels and addressing the financial viability of biofuel adoption. With technological advancements in second-generation biofuels and increasing government incentives, biofuels are positioned as a long-term energy solution. The study concludes that Brazil, with its favorable climate, arable land, and established infrastructure, is uniquely positioned to lead the biofuel revolution. Future perspectives indicate that biofuels could account for a significant share of the global energy mix, especially in developing countries, fostering a more sustainable and resilient energy future.